Hydroentangled textile and use in a personal cleansing implement

ABSTRACT

A non-woven hydroentangled textile is described formed in cross-section with a central area of low mass fiber density surrounded on both sides by areas of higher mass density. Further, a personal cleansing article is described wherein the hydroentangled textile is associated with a personal cleansing composition that includes a lathering surfactant. The composition is deposited onto, impregnated into or at least is partially enclosed by the textile. Also described is a process for producing the textile involving feeding into a hydroentangling unit a loose random assembly of fibers both above and below a fibrous screen modifying textile substrate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention concerns a new non-woven textile and use of this textilein a personal cleansing implement.

2. The Related Art

Hydroentanglement is a process utilized to form non-woven fabrics. Theconventional process involves delivery of a loose, random assembly ofrelatively open fibers to a hydroentanglement unit via a series of fibercard machines. The loose, random assembly of fibers is conveyed througha series of high-velocity water jets aimed at curling and entangling theloose assembly of fibers about each other. Entanglement thereforeprovides strength and dimensional stability.

The primary method of structure development to achieve a surface textureoccurs on a forming belt or screen onto which the loose fibers aredeposited. These forming belts or screens are constructed of woven metalor plastic wires usually in plain weave configuration. For screens withlarge diameter wires, an open screen structure is created. Water jetforces onto the open screen structures at the wire intersections orknuckles move fiber away creating an opening or aperture in thesubsequent non-woven structure. Open areas within the screen permitfiber entangling to occur. Hydroentanglement can either consolidate afibrous web to impart strength, modify surface texture or act as both aweb consolidation and surface texturing mechanism.

Certain types of personal care products require use of a non-wovensubstrate. These are applied to the skin delivering a latheringsurfactant. In this context, there has been a need for a non-wovensubstrate with areas of low-mass fiber density surrounded by areas ofgreater-mass fiber density. In particular, a non-woven structure wassought based on a bonded fibrous assembly with improved coverage andloft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A non-woven hydroentangled textile is provided formed in cross-sectionwith a central area of low mass fiber density surrounded above and below(i.e. sandwiched) by areas of higher mass fiber density.

Furthermore, there is provided a personal care cleansing product formedfrom:

-   -   (i) a non-woven hydroentangled textile formed in cross-section        with a central area of low mass fiber density surrounded above        and below by areas of higher mass fiber density; and    -   (ii) a personal cleansing composition comprising lathering        surfactant deposited onto, impregnated into or at least being        partially enclosed by the textile.

Still further, there is provided a process for the manufacture of anon-woven hydroentangled textile which includes:

-   -   (i) feeding a fibrous screen modifying textile substrate into a        hydroentangling unit;    -   (ii) feeding a loose random assembly of fibers into the        hydroentangling unit, a portion of the assembly of fibers being        deposited over and another portion of the assembly of fibers        being deposited under the screen modifying textile substrate        thereby forming a layered fibrous assembly;    -   (iii) applying a high velocity water jet to the layered fibrous        assembly within the hydroentangling unit; and    -   (iv) transporting a resultant hydroentangled layered fibrous        assembly to a drying area.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Further features and advantages of the present invention will becomemore apparent from consideration of the drawing in which FIG. 1 is thesole FIGURE illustrating the process according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Now there has been developed a non-woven hydroentangled water-insolublefabric which is a bonded fibrous assembly with improved coverage andloft. This textile has in cross-section an area of low mass fiberdensity (apertured) surrounded by areas of greater mass fiber density oneither side. This modified hydroentangled arrangement is achieved byincorporating a screen modifying substrate in the normal hydroentanglingprocess. In this system an apertured screen is utilized to obtain anon-apertured non-woven.

Conventional web formation techniques utilize a series of card machinesto present a random loose fibrous assembly to the high velocity waterjets. A screen modifying substrate labeled by some as a “scrim”according to the present invention is incorporated between two cardmachines. This results in a layered fibrous assembly comprised of bothstaple and continuous filament fibers. The presence of the fiber screenmodifying substrate allows a certain amount of staple fibers to beentangled with a screen modifying substrate over the forming wireintersections (knuckles). This reduces the aperture forming capabilitiesof the forming belt or screen. Some embodiments may utilize four or morecard machines and may even have more than one scrim.

The fibrous screen modifying substrate can be one comprised of randomlylaid bonded continuous fibers. These fibers may be formed ofpolyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA),polyethylene (PE) and fiber combinations thereof. The fiber denier mayrange from about 0.1 to about 15, preferably from about 1 to about 7denier. Substrate basis weight may range from about 5 to about 50 g/m²,preferably from about 10 to about 25 g/m², optimally from about 12 toabout 18 g/m².

A larger mass density above the screen modifying substrate improvesproduct texture. The resultant non-woven structure is thereby comprisedof areas of low-mass fiber density surrounded by areas of greater-massfiber density. Larger mass density below the screen modifying substrateallows greater control in terms of aperture. The basis weight of loose,random assembly of fibers used above the screen modifying substrate mayrange from about 5 to about 100 g/m², preferably from about 20 to about60 g/m², optimally from about 35 to about 45 g/m². Similarly, the basisweight of loose, random assembly of fibers used below the screenmodifying substrate may range from about 5 to about 100 g/m², preferablyfrom about 20 to about 60 g/m², optimally from about 35 to about 45g/m². Advantageously the total amount of the basis weight of fiberdeposited above and below the central area (screen modifying substrate)may range from about 20 to about 150 g/m², more preferably from about 30to about 100 g/m², and optimally from about 40 to about 85 g/m². In apreferred embodiment the basis weight above and below the screenmodifying substrate may range respectively in a ratio from about 3:1 toabout 1:3, preferably about 2:1 to about 1:2, but optimally issubstantially identical in a ratio of about 1:1.

Advantageously the amount of total basis weight (above and below thecentral area) to that of the screen modifying substrate may range fromabout 10:1 to about 1:2, preferably from about 6:1 to about 1:1,optimally from about 4:1 to about 2:1.

The hydroentangled textiles of the present invention may include atextured pattern, especially on an outer surface which has been indirect contact with the forming belt (screen). Peak to valley ratios mayvary widely. Variation can be a function of the amount of loose randomfibers deposited onto the scrim. Other factors include the degree ofentanglement energy (water jet pressure against loose random fiberassembly applied prior to the hydroentangling unit) and the aperturingenergy (water jet pressure within the hydroentangling unit). Stillfurther, topography can be dependent upon the size of aperture openingswithin the forming belt (screen).

Forming belts or screens utilized during hydroentangling can beconstructed of woven metal or plastic wires usually in plain weaveconfiguration. Forming belts with open screen structures areincorporated during product manufacture. The degree of screen structureopenings can be varied to modify product texture and form. Smallerscreen structures (or openings) will decrease the variable mass fiberdensity obtained in product structures.

Water jet pressures during the hydroentanglement may range from about 50to about 5000 psi, preferably from about 200 to about 3000 psi,optimally from about 1000 to about 2000 psi.

FIG. 1 illustrates the process for producing the non-woven textileaccording to the present invention. Card machines 2, 4 serve as astorage and dispensing reservoir of loose, random fibers (e.g.polypropylene). A delivery role 6 feeds a non-woven spunlaced web 8serving as the fibrous screen modifying substrate. This substrate is fedinto a hydroentangling unit 10. Simultaneously a stream of loose randomfibers 12, 14 are delivered from respective card machines 2, 4 above andbelow substrate 8. Together the combination entering the hydroentanglingunit 10 is a layered fibrous assembly 16.

Prior to entering the hydroentangling unit 10, optionally there may be apre-entangling step wherein water jet pressure is applied to the layeredfibrous assembly 16 in order to add strength thereto. Within thehydroentangling unit, the layered fibrous assembly 16 is subjected to ahigh velocity water spray from jets 18 as the layered fibrous assembly16 is supported on a forming belt (screen) 20. The forming belt 20 thentransports the hydroentangled layered fibrous assembly to a drying unit22. Therein water is removed and the resultant hydroentangled textile iscompleted.

The non-woven textile of the present invention although constructed of afibrous screen modifying substrate 8 and sandwiched between a randomassembly of fibers 12, 14 is considered to be a single layeredsubstrate. The reason is that subsequent to hydroentanglement, thetextile cannot be separated into its component parts (i.e. substrate 8and fibers 12, 14) without destruction of the textile. The basis weightfor the textile of this invention may range from about 15 to about 200g/m², preferably from about 60 to about 150 g/m², and optimally fromabout 80 to about 110 g/m².

For purposes of this invention, the fibrous screen modifying substrate 8may be either a spunlace or a carded/chemically bonded spunbondnon-woven water-insoluble material. Sources for the substrate 8 can bespunbonded scrim available from Reemay Corporation of Tennessee,Superior Nonwovens of South Carolina, and PGI Corporation of SouthCarolina. The loft of textiles according to the present invention mayrange from a density of from about 0.00005 to about 0.1 g/cm³,preferably from about 0.001 to about 0.09 g/cm³ and a thickness fromabout 0.1 to about 5 cm.

As used herein, “non-woven” means that the layer does not comprisefibers which are woven into a fabric but the layer need not comprisefibers at all, e.g. formed films, sponges, foams or scrims. When thelayer comprises fiber, the fibers can either be random (i.e. randomlyaligned) or they can be carded (combed to be oriented in primarily onedirection).

Textiles of the present invention may be utilized as implements inpersonal care cleansing products which may be appropriate for single usepurposes. In these products, the textile may be impregnated or coatedwith a lathering surfactant and optionally skin conditioners.Representative of this technology are disclosures found in U.S. Pat. No.6,280,757 (McAtee et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,980,931 (Fowler et al.), WO00/42961 (Smith) and WO 01/08542 (Cen et al.), all herein incorporatedby reference. Alternatively, the textile can be incorporated into asachet with at least one wall of the sachet formed from a textile of thepresent invention and optionally other walls of the sachet formed from avariety of other water-insoluble woven or non-woven fabrics. A latheringsurfactant and optionally conditioners may in dry particulate form beenclosed within the sachet. These products are exemplified and describedin U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,390 (Farrell et al.) herein incorporated byreference.

An advantage of textiles according to the present invention in thecontext of personal cleansing sachets or pillows as described in U.S.Pat. No. 6,063,390 is that powdered surfactant and other powderedingredients are prevented during dry storage from escaping throughapertures in the textile. These apertures are sufficiently small toretain powder but sufficiently large to allow water to penetrate thesachet to activate surfactant and other ingredients (such aseffervescent compounds) in the personal cleansing wash process.Additionally, the textile of the present invention on its outer surfaceexhibits a looser high loft structure with advantages for enhancinglathering of the surfactant and a softer feel when rubbed on the skin. Apreferred embodiment of a personal cleansing article using the textileof the present invention is one which includes:

-   -   (i) an effervescent cleansing composition capable of generating        foam upon contact with water; and    -   (ii) a pouch formed of first and second water-insoluble        substrates, at least one being water permeable, the first and        second water-insoluble substrates forming therebetween an area        housing the cleansing composition, and at least one of the        substrates being a textile of construction according to the        present invention.

Effervescent cleansing compositions which may be deposited into thepouch of the pillow includes a first component which is an acidicmaterial and a second component which is an alkaline material. Theacidic material is preferably citric acid and the alkaline material ispreferably a bicarbonate such as sodium bicarbonate. Amounts of the acidand alkaline materials may each range from about 1 to about 80%,preferably from about 15 to about 40% by weight of the total compositionwithin the sachet.

A wide variety of lathering surfactants may be used with the textile ofthis invention in any of its personal cleansing embodiments. Usefullathering surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ethersulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl taurate, sodiumcocoyl isethionate, sodium alkyl amido propyl betaine, sodium C₁₄-C₁₆olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and any combinationsthereof. The lathering surfactants may be of the anionic, cationic,nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic varieties and any combinationsthereof. Amounts of the surfactant may range from about 0.1 to about30%, preferably from about 1 to about 25%, optimally from about 8 toabout 20% by weight of the total composition placed onto or incombination with the textile in personal cleansing products.

Conditioners whether water soluble or water insoluble or combinationsthereof may be included in the composition used with the textileimplement according to the present invention. Conditioners may benatural or synthetic esters, silicone oils, hydrocarbons, starches,fatty acids, cationic polymers and mixtures thereof. Typically theconditioners may range in amount from about 0.1 to about 35% by weightof the total composition.

Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwiseexplicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amountsof material ought to be understood as modified by the word “about”.

The term “comprising” is meant not to be limiting to any subsequentlystated elements but rather to encompass non-specified elements of majoror minor functional importance. In other words the listed steps,elements or options need not be exhaustive. Whenever the words“including” or “having” are used, these terms are meant to be equivalentto “comprising” as defined above.

EXAMPLE

Personal cleansing pillows were constructed similar to those describedin WO 03/022230, herein incorporated by reference. A powder similar tothat described under Table II of the aforementioned patent applicationwas placed as a powdered substance within the pouch of the pillows. Awater-permeable wall of the aforementioned pillow was constructed with anon-woven hydroentangled textile according to the present invention.This Example correlates the Air Permeability of hydroentangled textilewith different weight ratios of fiber for high (total above and below)to low mass fiber density areas and to evaluate Lather Release. Forthese experiments, the amounts of high mass density fiber was aboutequivalent in the areas above and below the low mass density fiber ofthe central area. Weight Ratio Total Weight Air Sample (high/low) (g/m²)Permeability* I 3 82 266 II 2.5 71.5 477 III 1.5 51 678 IV 4 102 371 V4.1667 103 348 VI 2.875 102 250 VII 3375 61 529*Measured according to ASTM D737-96.

Lather Release was measured in the following manner. A thermometer wasattached to a sink faucet to read water temperature. The temperature ofthe water was then adjusted to 100° F. (38° C.) and maintained at thattemperature. A sample pillow was taken in hand and placed in a stream ofwater for 3 seconds. The pillow was rotated in the hands so that bothsides of the pillow would be exposed. Again the pillow was held in thewater stream for another 3 seconds. As the pillow left the water stream,a timer was set to measure length of time required for full latherrelease. These times were noted and visual observations recorded.“Lather Release” was rated on the following scale:

-   -   Very good=0.2 seconds and represents full Lather Release        instantaneously on both sides of the pillow; moderate billowing        pressure should be noted;    -   Good=1-2 second with full Lather Release on both sides of the        pillow;    -   Fair=2-4 seconds with slower Lather Release and different        release rates seen from one side to another;    -   Poor=3-6 seconds with slow Lather Release, and high billowing        internal pillow pressure.

The above procedure for each sample was repeated for 3-5 pillows of thesame type. A combination of time and consensus from an expert panelbased on the above procedure was utilized to provide the Lather Releasedescription in the Table below. Sample Air Permeability Lather Release I266 Poor II 477 Good III 678 Very Good IV 371 Fair V 348 Fair VI 250Poor VII 529 Very Good

Best Performance was achieved with Samples III and VII. These correlatedwith the highest level of Air Permeability. Consequently, the non-woventextile of the present invention should have a structure with an AirPermeability above 250, preferably at least 300 and optimally at least500. The preferred range is from about 300 to about 1,000. It is to benoted that if the system becomes too Air Permeable, a powder held withinthe pillow would undesirably escape prior to being activated with water.

1. A non-woven hydroentangled textile formed in cross-section with acentral area of low mass fiber density surrounded on both sides by areasof higher mass fiber density.
 2. The textile according to claim 1 whichcannot be separated into multiple layers after formation withoutdestruction of the textile.
 3. The textile according to claim 1 whereinthe areas of higher mass fiber density on both sides relative to thecentral area of low mass fiber density have a basis weight ratio rangingfrom about 10:1 to about 1:2.
 4. The textile according to claim 3wherein the ratio ranges from about 6:1 to 1:1.
 5. The textile accordingto claim 1 wherein the Air Permeability ranges from about 300 to about1,000.
 6. A process for the manufacture of a non-woven hydroentangledtextile comprising: (i) feeding a fibrous screen modifying textilesubstrate into a hydroentangling unit; (ii) feeding a loose randomassembly of fibers into the hydroentangling unit, a portion of theassembly of fibers being deposited over and another portion of theassembly of fibers being deposited under the screen modifying textilesubstrate thereby forming a layered fibrous assembly; (iii) applying ahigh velocity water jet to the layered fibrous assembly within thehydroentangling unit; and (iv) transporting a resultant hydroentangledlayered fibrous assembly to a drying area.
 7. A personal cleansingarticle comprising: a) a non-woven hydroentangled textile formed incross-section with a central area of low basis weight surrounded on bothsides by areas of higher basis weight; and (b) a personal cleansingcomposition comprising a lathering surfactant deposited onto,impregnated into or at least being partially enclosed by the textile. 8.The article according to claim 7 wherein the lathering surfactant ispresent in amount from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight of thecomposition.
 9. The article according to claim 7 wherein the personalcleansing composition further comprises from about 0.1 to about 35% byweight of a water-soluble or water-insoluble skin conditioning agent.10. The article according to claim 7 wherein the personal cleansingcomposition further comprises effervescent ingredients capable ofgenerating a foam upon contact with water.
 11. The article according toclaim 7 wherein the effervescent ingredients comprise an acid and abicarbonate salt.
 12. The article according to claim 7 wherein the areasof higher basis weight on both sides relative to the central area of lowbasis weight have a basis weight ratio ranging from about 10:1 to about2:1.
 13. The article according to claim 12 wherein the ratio ranges fromabout 6:1 to 2:1.
 14. The article according to claim 7 wherein thetextile cannot be separated into multiple layers after formation withoutdestruction of the textile.
 15. The article according to claim 7 whereinthe textile has an Air Permeability ranging from about 300 to about1,000.